Stay of FSM Students at the Jožef Štefan Institutes in Ljubljana and ELI in Prague

During the summer months, in July/August 2022, students of the Faculty of Science, UMNE, Jovana Doknić and Ivona Božović stayed at the Jožef Štefan Institute in Ljubljana, more precisely at the Department of Experimental Physics of Elementary Particles as part of the cooperation between the Montenegrin RD50 and the Slovenian RD50 team, where training was carried out on the scientific equipment of transient currents induced by ps-laser in order to characterize silicon micron sensors. The students also visited the Reactor Center at JSI and received training on sample irradiation at the reactor, as well as radiation protection (the training was conducted in cooperation with Prof. Radojko Jaćimović).

After the training at JSI, the students spent three weeks at the EU laser infrastructure ELI Beamlines, which is currently building the worlds strongest laser. They were introduced to the concept of two-photon absorption, which is only possible with femtosecond lasers (pulse length is 35-60 fs). They also learned to build a set-up and focus the laser beam (repetition - 1KHz, signal length 35-60 fs). They studied damage (caused by radiation - neutrons at the Reactor) in, for now, the most modern weather sensors - LGAD (Low Gain Avalanche Diode) which combines the properties of PIN and PAD (Photon Avalanche Diode)), but with a moderate internal avalanche effect reinforcements. LGAD is intended as a time detector for CMS and ATLAS, and will also be used for proton CT (Computing Tomography) scan and proton and ion beam monitoring in radio therapy. LGAD is also one of the candidates for 4D tracking at the FCC. 4D tracking is a "breakthrough" technique recently enabled by LGAD (simultaneous measurements of time and space coordinates -x,y,z,t) which will enable 5D calorimetry (x,y,z,t,E) on future colliders and in centers for radiotherapy.

In addition, during their stay at ELI, Ivon and Jovana visited the Institute of Physics, which is part of the Czech Academy of Sciences and Arts, and there they had the opportunity to get to know their laboratory for the development of silicon detectors (within the ATLAS collaboration) and learned to do "wire-bonding" (place the sensor on the readout board), as well as use a state-of-the-art probe station (probe station) to test the current and voltage characteristics of micron sensors (LGAD is a 50 micron sensor). The training at ELI was managed by Dr. Mateusz Rebarz. By the way, the training is part of the project managed by prof. Gordana Lastovička-Medin from PMF (Principal Investigator). The result of this project is the specialized scientific TCT-SPA & TPA-TCT measuring instrument technique developed and installed at ELI for R&D (Research and Development) of state-of-the-art sensors for pp (CERN), as well as for electron-ion colliders (United States). Jovan and Ivona were impressively presented by FMS and UMNE. More about the ELI beamline can be found at the link: https://www.eli-beams.eu