After the student passes this exam, he/she will be able to: 1. Understand basic concepts of phytocoenology. 2. Analyze structures of plant communities, dynamics of plant communities and vegetation. 3. Distinguish plant communities in the field/nature and describe their characteristics. 4. Understand horizontal and vertical vegetational zoning on the Earth. 5. Describe types of vegetations on the Earth and find a connection between ecological parameters within they develop and structure/dynamics they posses. 6. Organize and realize fieldwork investigations in phytocoenology.